Lesson 16: Intro to Instruments part V: Percussion

Reading sheet music is like reading a foreign language. There are rules and patterns that must be followed for the music to sound pleasing to the ear and so the musician can interpret the music correctly in order to perform it.

Before we get to the music, we must first know how to write it correctly, understand the notes, and know how to organize it.

To learn about how to correctly label a note, head to: http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2012/09/what-is-c4.html

To learn about clefs, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2012/12/lesson-2-staffs-clefs-and-lines-oh-my.html

To learn about the major scale and whole and half steps, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-3-major-and-minor-scale.html

To learn about key signatures, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-4-key-signatures.html

To learn about notes and their rhythms in simple meter, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-5-notes-and-rhythm-part-i.html

To learn about simple time signatures, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-6-simple-time-signatures.html

To learn about rests in simple time, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-7-rests.html

To learn about ties and slurs, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-8-ties-and-slurs.html

To learn about dotted notes and rests: head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-9-dotty-good-time.html

To learn about compound time, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-10-notes-and-rhythms-part-ii.html

To learn about the basics of sound, head to:http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-11-science-behind-sound.html

To learn about string instruments, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-12-intro-to-instruments-part-i.html

To learn about keyboard instruments, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-13-intro-to-instruments-part-ii.html

To learn about woodwind instruments, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-14-intro-to-instruments-part-iii.html

To learn about brass instruments, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-14-intro-to-instruments-part-iv.html

This is the last of five installments about instruments. We will finally learn about percussion.
Percussion consists of two different types of instruments: melodic and rhythmic. Melodic percussion instruments can play different pitches where rhythmic can only play one pitch.

Percussion instruments are played with mallets, a stick with a head at the end made of metal, wood, plastic or soft material like yarn or string. These heads create different timbers (characteristics of sound) when playing an instrument. Drumsticks are a little bit different because the ends are filled into smaller heads and are made of the same continuous piece of wood as the stick of the mallet. The end of the stick/mallet without the head is referred to as the butt of the stick, and can also be used to play the instrument for a different effect (or just to beat time on another object, such as a stand, podium, or person.... JK, JK [maybe]).

Keyboard percussion includes marimbas, vibraphones, xylophones, and bell sets. These all have bars made of either wood or metal that are in a keyboard configuration (like a piano). These bars are struck with mallets and the pitch is determined by the length of the bar and by the length of the pipe underneath; the longer they both are, the lower the pitch. Vibraphones also have a motor that, if powered,  can cause the instrument to have vibrato, or a wavering within the sound that creates interest within held-out notes [and can also hide tuning issues!!!!!] .

This is a marimba. It's range is from C2 to C7.

This is a bell set, it's range is from F5 to C8.
Rhythmic percussion instruments fall into one of two categories: drums and auxiliary. Drums have a membraneous head that is struck with either mallets or sticks.

This is a bass drum in concert band form. It is struck with a big padded mallet. It has a low, booming sound that can sometimes be felt if it is loud enough and you are close enough. It keeps time alot during concert pieces by playing quarter or half notes.

This is a snare drum. It is struck with drumsticks. It often keeps time when marching and is known for having complicated and complex rhythms. It has a sizzling sound.

 

Timpani (and yes, the word is the same singular and plural) are the only drum that can change pitch. It is still considered a drum because it can only play one pitch at a time and it is struck to be played with mallets. They come in different sizes and can be tuned to specific notes [although in my experience is quite difficult unless you have perfect pitch, ESPECIALLY in the middle of a performance in the cold of marching band season]. They are usually grouped as four or five different sizes for a performance. As a collective, they can play a range from D2 to F#5.

Auxiliary can be almost any [inanimate!!!!!!!] object that, when  struck, makes a noise.

These are cymbals. When smashed together, they make quite a crash. They are used mainly for emphasis of important parts within the music [or for giving someone a headache by playing them right nest to their head!!!].

Other common examples include: wood blocks, cowbell[ YOU NEED MORE OF IT!!!!!!!, sorry, the music geek in me couldn't resist! ], triangle, and chimes.

This concludes our 5-part series (YAY!!!!)

Lesson 15: Intro to Instruments part IV: Brass

Reading sheet music is like reading a foreign language. There are rules and patterns that must be followed for the music to sound pleasing to the ear and so the musician can interpret the music correctly in order to perform it.

Before we get to the music, we must first know how to write it correctly, understand the notes, and know how to organize it.

To learn about how to correctly label a note, head to: http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2012/09/what-is-c4.html

To learn about clefs, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2012/12/lesson-2-staffs-clefs-and-lines-oh-my.html

To learn about the major scale and whole and half steps, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-3-major-and-minor-scale.html

To learn about key signatures, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-4-key-signatures.html

To learn about notes and their rhythms in simple meter, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-5-notes-and-rhythm-part-i.html

To learn about simple time signatures, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-6-simple-time-signatures.html

To learn about rests in simple time, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-7-rests.html

To learn about ties and slurs, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-8-ties-and-slurs.html

To learn about dotted notes and rests: head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-9-dotty-good-time.html

To learn about compound time, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-10-notes-and-rhythms-part-ii.html

To learn about the basics of sound, head to:http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-11-science-behind-sound.html

To learn about string instruments, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-12-intro-to-instruments-part-i.html

To learn about keyboard instruments, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-13-intro-to-instruments-part-ii.html

To learn about woodwind instruments, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-14-intro-to-instruments-part-iii.html

This lesson will introduce you to the brass family.

A brass instrument is made out of metal, usually brass, and has a cupped mouthpiece. To produce sound, the player buzzes their lips together while in the mouthpiece. They change the speed of buzzing and/or the position within the mouthpiece to change shelf(group of notes played with the same mouthpiece/buzzing setup) and press keys or buttons to play a specific note within that shelf. They can be tuned by pulling and pushing tuning slides to lengthen or shorten the tubing of the instrument.

The tuba is the biggest and lowest-sounding of the brass family. It is sat in the player's lap and then played through the mouthpiece. It's range is from D1 to F4.

 

The trombone is the next lowest-pitched instrument of the brass family. Unlike the rest of the brass instruments, it doesnt have valves and keys, it has a large slide on the front that you slide to different lengths, called positions, and play to a shelf to produce different notes. It's range is from E2 to F5.



The next instrument is the horn, (also known as the french horn). It is slightly different from the other brass instruments because you play it with your right fist in the bell of the horn. It's range is from B1 to F5.

The final brass instrument in todays lesson is one that probably everyone has seen and heard: the trumpet. It is one of the most commonly remembered instruments in band, and alot of the time, the loudest. It's range is from E3 to C6.

This concludes the lesson for today.



Lesson 14: Intro to Instruments part III: Woodwinds

Reading sheet music is like reading a foreign language. There are rules and patterns that must be followed for the music to sound pleasing to the ear and so the musician can interpret the music correctly in order to perform it.

Before we get to the music, we must first know how to write it correctly, understand the notes, and know how to organize it.

To learn about how to correctly label a note, head to: http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2012/09/what-is-c4.html

To learn about clefs, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2012/12/lesson-2-staffs-clefs-and-lines-oh-my.html

To learn about the major scale and whole and half steps, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-3-major-and-minor-scale.html

To learn about key signatures, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-4-key-signatures.html

To learn about notes and their rhythms in simple meter, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-5-notes-and-rhythm-part-i.html

To learn about simple time signatures, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-6-simple-time-signatures.html

To learn about rests in simple time, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-7-rests.html

To learn about ties and slurs, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-8-ties-and-slurs.html

To learn about dotted notes and rests: head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-9-dotty-good-time.html

To learn about compound time, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-10-notes-and-rhythms-part-ii.html

To learn about the basics of sound, head to:http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-11-science-behind-sound.html

To learn about string instruments, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-12-intro-to-instruments-part-i.html

To learn about keyboard instruments, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-13-intro-to-instruments-part-ii.html

Now we will learn about Woodwind instruments.

A woordwind instrument has the following qualities:
- currently or once were predominantly made of wood or plastic
-use exhaled breath to vibrate some sort of reed (usually)
-combonations of keys are pressed to produce different pitches

These are common examples of woodwind instruments found in a band or orchestra:

This is a flute*. It was originally made of wood, but is now made out of metal, usually electroplated brass or silver. The flautist, or flute player, holds the flute parallel to the ground and rests the mouthpiece on their lower lip. They blow a focused stream of air into the tone hole and move their fingers to play notes. The flute family are the only woodwinds that dont have some sort of reed.  The flute has a range from C4 to C7.

This is an oboe*. It is usually made of wood or plastic. The oboist holds the oboe vertically in front of them and blows into a double reed. The vibrating of the reeds against each other produces the sound. The range of the oboe is from B♭3 to A6.

This is the clarinet. It too is made out of wood or plastic. The clarinetist also holds the instrument vertically in front of them and blow into a mouthpiece. This has a plastic element (the mouthpiece) and has a single reed held on it by a metal ligature. This configuration is the same for any clarinet or saxophone.

The vibrating of the reed against the mouthpiece creates the sound and the pitch is modified by the pressing of keys which changes the distance that the sound travels out of the instrument. The range of a clarinet is from D3 to A7.

 

These are all the members of the saxophone family: (from left to right) alto sax*, tenor sax baritone sax and soprano sax. Nearly every woodwind instrument (except for oboe) has variations of the instrument that are voiced differently.  The bari sax (baritone sax) plays the bartione part (lower male voice in choral scores) and is the longest saxophone.(measured by distance the air travels through the instrument). It's range is from D♭2 to  A♭4. The tenor sax plays the tenor part (higher male voice) and is shorter than the bari sax. It's range is from A♭2 to E♭5. The alto sax plays either the alto (lower female voice) or soprano (high female voice) part and is the highest-voiced saxophone commonly used in concert bands. It's shorter than a tenor sax and has a range from D♭3 to A♭5. The soprano sax plays the soprano (high female voice) or sometimes the descant part(extremely high female voice, only used for extra effect for a short time) part and is uncommonly used in concert bands. It's range is from A♭3 to E♭6.

Now that you've met the woodwind family, I expect that you wont confuse an oboe for a "weird looking clarinet" like someone did at my last band concert(I'm an oboist).

*These are instruments that I currently play.

Lesson 13: Intro to instruments part II: Keyboards

Reading sheet music is like reading a foreign language. There are rules and patterns that must be followed for the music to sound pleasing to the ear and so the musician can interpret the music correctly in order to perform it.

Before we get to the music, we must first know how to write it correctly, understand the notes, and know how to organize it.

To learn about how to correctly label a note, head to: http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2012/09/what-is-c4.html

To learn about clefs, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2012/12/lesson-2-staffs-clefs-and-lines-oh-my.html

To learn about the major scale and whole and half steps, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-3-major-and-minor-scale.html

To learn about key signatures, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-4-key-signatures.html

To learn about notes and their rhythms in simple meter, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-5-notes-and-rhythm-part-i.html

To learn about simple time signatures, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-6-simple-time-signatures.html

To learn about rests in simple time, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-7-rests.html

To learn about ties and slurs, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-8-ties-and-slurs.html

To learn about dotted notes and rests: head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-9-dotty-good-time.html

To learn about compound time, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-10-notes-and-rhythms-part-ii.html

To learn about the basics of sound, head to:http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-11-science-behind-sound.html

To learn about string instruments, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-12-intro-to-instruments-part-i.html

Now we will learn about the keyboard family. Keyboards encompass other types of instruments, because the characteristics defining this group do not include how the instrument makes sound, but how different sounds are made. Harps, pianos, and accordians fall into this category.

Pianos are the basis for the keyboard family. They have a different key for each note in their range. The ivory keys are for natural notes, and the ebony keys are for the accidentals (sharps and flats) The top picture shows what a piano might look like, and the bottom shows the different keys on the piano (and a very nice looking white rose).

A harp is also a string instrument like the piano, however it is also a keyboard instrument because each string on the harp coresponds to a particular note being played. The strings are longer for the lower notes and shorter for the higher notes, and all can be tuned by changing the tension on the strings.

An accordian is also considered a keyboard instrument. It produces sound by pumping it and drawing in and forcing out air through folded flaps of material called bellows. (It is from these bellows that the "accordian fold" got its name). The notes come from pushing keys on one side that are in a keyboard formation.

This concludes our lesson for today.

Lesson 12: Intro to Instruments part I: Strings

Reading sheet music is like reading a foreign language. There are rules and patterns that must be followed for the music to sound pleasing to the ear and so the musician can interpret the music correctly in order to perform it.

Before we get to the music, we must first know how to write it correctly, understand the notes, and know how to organize it.

To learn about how to correctly label a note, head to: http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2012/09/what-is-c4.html

To learn about clefs, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2012/12/lesson-2-staffs-clefs-and-lines-oh-my.html

To learn about the major scale and whole and half steps, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-3-major-and-minor-scale.html

To learn about key signatures, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-4-key-signatures.html

To learn about notes and their rhythms in simple meter, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-5-notes-and-rhythm-part-i.html

To learn about simple time signatures, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-6-simple-time-signatures.html

To learn about rests in simple time, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-7-rests.html

To learn about ties and slurs, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-8-ties-and-slurs.html

To learn about dotted notes and rests: head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-9-dotty-good-time.html

To learn about compound time, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-10-notes-and-rhythms-part-ii.html


To learn about the basics of sound, head to:http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/02/lesson-11-science-behind-sound.html

There are many types of musical instruments: bowed strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion, guitar and keyboard. The first four types make up the modern symphony. Lets begin with the stringed instruments: bowed strings, guitar and keyboard.

String instruments, such as the guitar and keyboard are plucked or struck, causing the strings to vibrate, creating sound.

This is the violin. It is the smallest of the bowed string instruments, and therefore has the highest range. It is read in treble clef and plays the soprano part. It rests on the left shoulder and is held there by your chin. (The black rounded plastic piece in the lower left corner is the chin rest.) A bow is drawn across the strings to cause them to vibrate and the right fingers press the strings down in different configurations that change the pitch of the notes being played.

This is the viola. It is bigger than a violin. It has a lower range than the violin. It is read in treble and plays the alto clef and the alto part. It is played in a similar fashion to the violin.

This is the cello. It is much bigger than the violin and viola, so it is set on the floor and rested upright against the seated musician and played. It is read in tenor and bass clef and plays the tenor part.

This is the bass,  and sometimes referred to as double bass for distinction from the electric bass, (or the fish). It is pronounced with a long "A" sound (so not like the fish, which is pronounced with a short "a" sound). It is so large that the musician playing it must stand up or be seated on a tall stool to play it. It is read in bass clef and plays the bass part. The bass is often used in jazz to keep time and set the feel.


These are the main instruments when you think of orchestral string instruments, but the category of string instruments includes the piano, guitar, and harp.

The piano is classified as a string instrument because the sound is produced by small hammers that strike a metal string (or strings for lower notes)  according the keys being pressed.  The pedals below can change the quality of the sound, or the duration of the notes being played at the time. This is a picture of a grand piano.

This is a guitar. It has six strings and is played by plucking strings with either the fingers or with a plastic pick.

This is a harp. It often accompanies a string orchestra, and is played by plucking the strings with the fingers.


This concludes the lesson for today.

Lesson 11: The Science Behind Sound

Reading sheet music is like reading a foreign language. There are rules and patterns that must be followed for the music to sound pleasing to the ear and so the musician can interpret the music correctly in order to perform it.

Before we get to the music, we must first know how to write it correctly, understand the notes, and know how to organize it.

To learn about how to correctly label a note, head to: http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2012/09/what-is-c4.html

To learn about clefs, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2012/12/lesson-2-staffs-clefs-and-lines-oh-my.html

To learn about the major scale and whole and half steps, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-3-major-and-minor-scale.html

To learn about key signatures, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-4-key-signatures.html

To learn about notes and their rhythms in simple meter, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-5-notes-and-rhythm-part-i.html

To learn about simple time signatures, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-6-simple-time-signatures.html

To learn about rests in simple time, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-7-rests.html

To learn about ties and slurs, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-8-ties-and-slurs.html

To learn about dotted notes and rests: head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-9-dotty-good-time.html

To learn about compound time, head to:
http://nomusicbflat.blogspot.com/2013/01/lesson-10-notes-and-rhythms-part-ii.html

Its all well and good to learn about music and how to write it, but without knowing how music really works, you don't know much. This is the (basic) science behind sound.

Sound is vibration, which is made up of waves. If you have ever been near a booming amp or a drumline while they are playing, the movement you were feeling is sound. Vibrations can be transmitted through any medium, however it cannot be transmitted through vacuum. This means that all of those fantastic sound effects in the space battles from a galaxy far, far away are as fake as singing and cleaning your way through life until your prince charming comes and rescues you being a productive pass time in today's modern world. The vibrations have two important qualities, wavelength and amplitude.

The wavelength, or distance between the waves determines the frequency, or pitch of a sound. A long wavelength produces a low-pitched sound. A short wavelength produces a high-pitched sound. The frequency increases for every note according to a set equation. An octave jump up produces a sound that is twice the frequency (measured in Hertz). 

The amplitude, or height of the wave, determines the volume of a sound. A tall amplitude produces a loud sound. A short amplitude produces a soft sound.

There are many other aspects of sound, however these are the most important to our need in these lessons.

Our ears are busy collecting sound with the outer ear. You know, the cartilage on the outside of your head that gets pierced, surgically fixed or changed, and is pointy if you are a member of the elven or Vulcan species??? Yeah, that part.

As the sound is funneled into our ear, the sound waves vibrate little hair-like cells in our inner ear, and the hair cells transmit electrical impulses that our brain interprets as sound.

Cool, huh???